Integration of wake up radio with existing power save protocol

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) are generally described herein. In some embodiments, a wireless device is set to a first state or a second state, wherein in the first state the wireless device is configured to receive wake-up (WU) packets, and wherein in the second state the wireless device is configured to not receive WU packets, wherein the wireless device comprises a WLAN radio and a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR). In some embodiments, the wireless device is configured to receive a wake-up packet, turn on the WLAN radio and turn off the LP-WUR. In some embodiments, the wireless device is configured to turn off the WLAN radio and turn on the LP-WUR for power conservation. In some embodiments, the wireless device turns off the WLAN radio and turns off the LP-WUR, and can periodically turn on the LP-WUR radio for extreme power saving.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/374,154, filed, Aug. 12, 2016, andentitled “Integration of Wake-Up Radio with Existing Power SaveProtocol,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to wireless networks and wireless communications.Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks (WLANs) andWi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE802.11 family of standards. Some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.11ay.Some embodiments relate to methods, computer readable media, andapparatus for integration of wake-up radio with existing power saveprotocol.

BACKGROUND

Efficient use of the resources of a wireless local-area network (WLAN)is important to provide bandwidth and acceptable response times to theusers of the WLAN. However, often there are many devices trying to sharethe same resources and some devices may be limited by the communicationprotocol they use or by their hardware bandwidth. Moreover, wirelessdevices may need to operate with both newer protocols and with legacydevice protocols.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example machine, in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates a station (STA) in accordance with some embodimentsand an access point (AP), in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a WiFi device (e.g., an IEEE 802.11device) with a low power wake up receiver (LP-WUR) in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example request and/or response signal frameformat in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example request and/or response signal frameformat in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example request and/or response signal frameformat in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 8 illustrates example power-save protocol parameters in accordancewith some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In recent years, applications have been developed relating to socialnetworking, Internet of Things (IoT), wireless docking, and the like. Itmay be desirable to design low power solutions that can be always-on.Multiple efforts are ongoing in the wireless industry to address thischallenge. In some aspects, the subject technology uses the Wi-Fialliance (WFA) neighbor aware networking (NAN) program to define amechanism for Wi-Fi devices to maintain low power and achieve servicediscovery. In Bluetooth® Special Interest Group (SIG), Bluetooth® LowEnergy provides a power-efficient protocol for some use cases. In theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), low-powerwake-up radio (LP-WUR) has gained interest. The idea of the LP-WUR is toutilize an extremely low power radio such that a device can be inlistening mode with minimum capability and consume extremely low power.If the main radio is required for data transmission, a wake-up packetmay be sent out by a peer device to wake-up the main wireless local areanetwork (WLAN) radio (e.g., Wi-Fi radio).

A LP-WUR enables ultra-low power operation of devices, for example,Wi-Fi devices. In some embodiments, a device including a LP-WUR canreceive one or more wake-up packets from a peer device, enabling thedevice to stay in a low-power mode until receiving the wake-up packet. Awake-up packet may be transmitted from a station (STA) to an accesspoint (AP) or from an AP to a STA to cause the receiver to wake up itsWLAN radio. Aspects of the subject technology relate to a low-powerwake-up radio (LP-WUR) architectures and signaling, for example, aLP-WUR architectures and signaling for use in orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) based Wi-Fi systems. The LP-WUR provides alow-power solution (e.g., approximately 100 μW in active state) foralways-on Wi-Fi (or Bluetooth®) connectivity of wearable, IoT (Internetof Things) and other emerging devices that may be densely deployed andused. In some embodiments, the LP-WUR is configured to operate withinthe legacy 802.11a/g/n/ac specifications by the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers, utilizing a 4 microsecond OFDM symbolduration.

Embodiments described herein can address integration of LP-WURs withexisting power save protocols, for example, existing power saveprotocols for devices configured for Wi-Fi protocols (e.g., IEEE802.11). Certain embodiments of LP-WURs, as described below, canmaintain current IEEE 802.11 power save states and protocols, forexample, without changes to existing power save protocols, withoutchanges to definitions for power management modes other than active andpower save modes of the current power save protocols, and withoutchanges to definitions for new states of IEEE 802.11 devices. In someembodiments, the only changes to definitions for new states of IEEE802.11 devices are “Awake” states and “Doze” states, and these can beapplied for example to a LP-WUR.

Some embodiments relate to signaling for an IEEE 802.11 device, forexample, an IEEE 802.11 device may be configured to transmit radiofrequency (RF) signals indicating the state of the LP-WUR. With respectto the IEEE 802.11 radio state, in some embodiments, an AP may know thestate of a STA based on existing signaling and power save protocols.

In some embodiments, signaling for the purpose of identifying the stateof an IEEE 802.11 device can be separated from the LP-WUR radio. Forexample, signaling for the purpose of indicating a LP-WUR radio statemay not need to override the existing signaling that identifies thestate of an IEEE 802.11 radio. Further, in some embodiments, existingpower save protocols may not need to be changed to indicate a LP-WURradio state.

In some embodiments, the state of a LP-WUR can be isolated from thestate of another radio (e.g., an IEEE 802.11 radio). For example, aLP-WUR radio may wake-up more than one IEEE 802.11 radio, such as one ormore radios operating in different frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz radio,5 GHz radio). In some embodiments, IEEE 802.11 radio additional powermanagement modes may not be needed, allowing all current powermanagement and power save protocols with respect to the IEEE 802.11radio to remain unchanged. In some embodiments, states for an IEEE802.11 radio may not need to be redefined and additional states may notneed to be added. Aspects are described in more detail with respect toFIGS. 4-8.

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustratespecific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practicethem. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical,process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodimentsmay be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalentsof those claims.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network (e.g., WLAN 100) in accordancewith some embodiments. The WLAN may comprise a basis service set (BSS)100 that may include one or more master stations 102, which may be APs,one or more high efficiency (HE) wireless stations (HE stations) (e.g.,IEEE 802.11ax) HE stations 104, a plurality of legacy (e.g., IEEE802.11n/ac) devices 106, a plurality of IoT devices 108 (e.g., IEEE802.11ax), and one or more sensor hubs 110.

The master station 102 may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmitand receive. The master station 102 may be a base station. The masterstation 102 may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE802.11 protocol. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may be IEEE 802.11ax. The IEEE802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/orcode division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE 802.11 protocol mayinclude a multiple access technique. For example, the IEEE 802.11protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA) and/ormultiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). The masterstation 102 may be a virtual master station 102 shares hardwareresources with another wireless device such as another master station102.

The legacy devices 106 may operate in accordance with one or more ofIEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj, or another legacy wirelesscommunication standard. The legacy devices 106 may be STAs or IEEE STAs.The HE stations 104 may be wireless transmit and receive devices such ascellular telephone, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wirelessglasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, a portablewireless device, or another device that may be transmitting andreceiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE 802.11ax oranother wireless protocol. In some embodiments, the HE stations 104 maybe termed high efficiency wireless local-area network (HEW) stations.

The master station 102 may communicate with legacy devices 106 inaccordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In exampleembodiments, the master station 102 may also be configured tocommunicate with HE stations 104 in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11communication techniques.

The IoT devices 108 may operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11ax oranother standard of 802.11. The IoT devices 108 may be, in someembodiments, narrow band devices that operate on a smaller sub-channelthan the RE stations 104. For example, the IoT devices 108 may operateon 2.03 MHz or 4.06 MHz sub-channels. In some embodiments, the IoTdevices 108 are not able to transmit on a full 20 MHz sub-channel to themaster station 102 with sufficient power for the master station 102 toreceive the transmission. In some embodiments, the IoT devices 108 maynot be able to receive on a 20 MHz sub-channel and may use a smallsub-channel such as 2.03 MHz or 4.06 MHz sub-channel. In someembodiments, the IoT devices 108 may operate on a sub-channel withexactly 26 or 52 data sub-carriers. The IoT devices 108, in someembodiments, may be short-range, low-power devices.

The IoT devices 108 may be battery constrained. The IoT devices 108 maybe sensors designed to measure one or more specific parameters ofinterest such as temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor,light sensor, etc. The IoT devices 108 may be location-specific sensors.Some IoT devices 108 may be connected to a sensor hub 110. The IoTdevices 108 may upload measured data from sensors to the sensor hub 110.The sensor hubs 110 may upload the data to an access gateway 112 thatconnects several sensor hubs 110 and can connect to a cloud sever or theInternet (not illustrated). The master station 102 may act as the accessgateway 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The master station 102may act as the sensor hub 110 in accordance with some embodiments. TheIoT device 108 may have identifiers that identify a type of data that ismeasured from the sensors. In some embodiments, the IoT device 108 maybe able to determine a location of the IoT device 108 based on receivedsatellite signals or received terrestrial wireless signals.

In some embodiments, at least some of the IoT devices 108 need toconsume very low average power in order to perform a packet exchangewith the sensor hub 110 and/or access gateway 112. The IoT devices 108may be densely deployed.

The IoT devices 108 may enter a power save mode and may exit the powersave at intervals to gather data from sensors and/or to upload the datato the sensor hub 110 or access gateway 112.

In some embodiments, the master station 102 HE stations 104, legacystations 106, IoT devices 108, access gateways 112, Bluetooth™ devices,and/or sensor hubs 110 enter a power save mode and exit the power savemode periodically or at a pre-scheduled times to see if there is apacket for them to be received. In some embodiments, the master station102 HE stations 104, legacy stations 106, IoT devices 108, accessgateways 112, Bluetooth™ devices, and/or sensor hubs 110 may remain in apower save mode until receiving a wake-up packet.

In some embodiments, a HE frame may be configurable to have the samebandwidth as a subchannel. The bandwidth of a sub-channel may be 20 MHz,40 MHz, or 80 MHz, 160 MHz, 320 MHz contiguous bandwidths or an 80+80MHz (160 MHz) non-contiguous bandwidth. In some embodiments, thebandwidth of a subchannel may be 2.03125 MHz, 4.0625 MHz, 8.28125 MHz, acombination thereof or another bandwidth that is less or equal to theavailable bandwidth may also be used. The sub-channel may be based on anumber of data sub-carriers or data tones, e.g. 26 or 52 with additionalsubcarriers that may be used for other reasons such as DC nulls, guardintervals, beacons, or another use other than data tones. In someembodiments the bandwidth of the sub-channels may be based on a numberof active subcarriers.

In some embodiments, the bandwidth of a sub-channel may be equivalent toone of OFDMA sub-channels defined in IEEE 802.11ax. In some embodiments,the OFDMA sub-channels of IEEE 802.11ax that are less than 20 MHz areequivalent to 26-tone, 52-tone and 106-tone allocations. The bandwidthof these OFDMA allocations may be 20 MHz divided by 256 of a FastFourier Transform (FFT)-size times 26 or 52 or 106, for bandwidths of2.03125 MHz, 4.0625 MHz, or 8.28125 MHz, respectively. In someembodiments, the sub-channels may be a combination thereof or anotherbandwidth that is less or equal to the available bandwidth may also beused.

A HE packet may be configured for transmitting a number of spatialstreams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO. In other embodiments,the master station 102, HE stations 104, sensor hubs 110, access gateway112, and/or legacy devices 106 may also implement different technologiessuch as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 1×, CDMA2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000),Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long TermEvolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), EnhancedData rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16(i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)),BlueTooth®, or other technologies.

Some embodiments relate to HE communications. In accordance with someIEEE 802.11ax embodiments, a master station 102 may operate as a masterstation which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g.,during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the mediumfor an HE control period. In some embodiments, the HE control period maybe termed a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The master station 102 maytransmit a HE trigger frame, which may be a trigger packet or HE controland schedule transmission, at the beginning of the HEW control period.The master station 102 may transmit a time duration of the TXOP andsub-channel information. During the HE control period, HEW stations 104may communicate with the master station 102 in accordance with anon-contention based multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO.

This is unlike conventional wireless local-area network (WLAN)communications in which devices communicate in accordance with acontention-based communication technique, rather than a multiple accesstechnique. During the HE control period, legacy stations refrain fromcommunicating.

In some embodiments, the multiple-access technique used during the HEcontrol period may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is nota requirement. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may bea time-division multiple access (TDMA) technique or a frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA) technique. In some embodiments, the multipleaccess technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA)technique.

The master station 102 may also communicate with legacy stations 106,sensor hubs 110, access gateway 112, and/or HE stations 104 inaccordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In exampleembodiments, a master station 102, access gateway 112, HE station 104,legacy station 106, IoT devices 108, and/or sensor hub 110 may beconfigured to perform the methods and functions herein described inconjunction with FIGS. 1-7.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine in accordancewith some embodiments. The machine 200 is an example machine upon whichany one or more of the techniques and/or methodologies discussed hereinmay be performed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 200 mayoperate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) toother machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 200 may operatein the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both inserver-client network environments. In an example, the machine 200 mayact as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed)network environment. The machine 200 may be an AP 102, STA 103, HEWdevice, HEW AP, HEW STA, UE, eNB, mobile device, base station, personalcomputer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, anetwork router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executinginstructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be takenby that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated,the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection ofmachines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets)of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS),other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or anumber of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangibleentities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations andmay be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example,circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to externalentities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. Inan example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., astandalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardwareprocessors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g.,instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a modulethat operates to perform specified operations. In an example, thesoftware may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, thesoftware, when executed by the underlying hardware of the module, causesthe hardware to perform the specified operations.

Accordingly, the term “module” is understood to encompass a tangibleentity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specificallyconfigured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily)configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or toperform part or all of any operation described herein. Consideringexamples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of themodules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example,where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processorconfigured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may beconfigured as respective different modules at different times. Softwaremay accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, toconstitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitutea different module at a different instance of time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 200 may include a hardware processor202 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a mainmemory 204 and a static memory 206, some or all of which may communicatewith each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 208. The machine 200 mayfurther include a display unit 210, an alphanumeric input device 212(e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 214(e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display unit 210, input device 212and UI navigation device 214 may be a touch screen display. The machine200 may additionally include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 216, asignal generation device 218 (e.g., a speaker), a network interfacedevice 220, and one or more sensors 221, such as a global positioningsystem (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. Themachine 200 may include an output controller 228, such as a serial(e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless(e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connectionto communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., aprinter, card reader, etc.).

The storage device 216 may include a machine readable medium 222 onwhich is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 224(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of thetechniques or functions described herein. The instructions 224 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 204,within static memory 206, or within the hardware processor 202 duringexecution thereof by the machine 200. In an example, one or anycombination of the hardware processor 202, the main memory 204, thestatic memory 206, or the storage device 216 may constitute machinereadable media. In some embodiments, the machine readable medium may beor may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Insome embodiments, the machine readable medium may be or may include acomputer-readable storage medium.

While the machine readable medium 222 is illustrated as a single medium,the term “machine readable medium” may include a single medium ormultiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/orassociated caches and servers) configured to store the one or moreinstructions 224. The term “machine readable medium” may include anymedium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructionsfor execution by the machine 200 and that cause the machine 200 toperform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, orthat is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used byor associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readablemedium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical andmagnetic media. Specific examples of machine readable media may include:non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g.,Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), ElectricallyErasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memorydevices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removabledisks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM); and CD-ROM andDVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine readable media may includenon-transitory machine readable media. In some examples, machinereadable media may include machine readable media that is not atransitory propagating signal.

The instructions 224 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 226 using a transmission medium via the networkinterface device 220 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols(e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission controlprotocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include alocal area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet datanetwork (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellularnetworks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless datanetworks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family ofstandards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a LongTerm Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P)networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device 220may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, orphone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communicationsnetwork 226. In an example, the network interface device 220 may includea plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one ofsingle-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In someexamples, the network interface device 220 may wirelessly communicateusing Multiple User MIMO techniques. The term “transmission medium”shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine200, and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.

FIG. 3 illustrates a STA in accordance with some embodiments and an APin accordance with some embodiments. It should be noted that in someembodiments, an STA or other mobile device may include some or all ofthe components shown in either FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 (as in 300) or both. TheSTA 300 may be suitable for use as an STA 103 as depicted in FIG. 1, insome embodiments. It should also be noted that in some embodiments, anAP or other base station may include some or all of the components shownin either FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 (as in 350) or both. The AP 350 may besuitable for use as an AP 102 as depicted in FIG. 1, in someembodiments.

The STA 300 may include physical layer circuitry 302 and a transceiver305, one or both of which may enable transmission and reception ofsignals to and from components such as the AP 102 (FIG. 1), other STAsor other devices using one or more antennas 301. As an example, thephysical layer circuitry 302 may perform various encoding and decodingfunctions that may include formation of baseband signals fortransmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, thetransceiver 305 may perform various transmission and reception functionssuch as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a RadioFrequency (RF) range. Accordingly, the physical layer circuitry 302 andthe transceiver 305 may be separate components or may be part of acombined component. In addition, some of the described functionalityrelated to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by acombination that may include one, any or all of the physical layercircuitry 302, the transceiver 305, and other components or layers. TheSTA 300 may also include medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry 304for controlling access to the wireless medium. The STA 300 may alsoinclude processing circuitry 306 and memory 308 arranged to perform theoperations described herein.

The AP 350 may include physical layer circuitry 352 and a transceiver355, one or both of which may enable transmission and reception ofsignals to and from components such as the STA 103 (FIG. 1), other APsor other devices using one or more antennas 351. As an example, thephysical layer circuitry 352 may perform various encoding and decodingfunctions that may include formation of baseband signals fortransmission and decoding of received signals. As another example, thetransceiver 355 may perform various transmission and reception functionssuch as conversion of signals between a baseband range and a RadioFrequency (RF) range. Accordingly, the physical layer circuitry 352 andthe transceiver 355 may be separate components or may be part of acombined component. In addition, some of the described functionalityrelated to transmission and reception of signals may be performed by acombination that may include one, any or all of the physical layercircuitry 352, the transceiver 355, and other components or layers. TheAP 350 may also include medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry 354for controlling access to the wireless medium. The AP 350 may alsoinclude processing circuitry 356 and memory 358 arranged to perform theoperations described herein.

The antennas 301, 351, 230 may comprise one or more directional oromnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas,monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas orother types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In somemultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas 301,351, 230 may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatialdiversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.

In some embodiments, the STA 300 may be configured as an HEW device 104(FIG. 1), and may communicate using OFDM and/or OFDMA communicationsignals over a multicarrier communication channel. In some embodiments,the AP 350 may be configured to communicate using OFDM and/or OFDMAcommunication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. In someembodiments, the HEW device 104 may be configured to communicate usingOFDM communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.Accordingly, in some cases, the STA 300, AP 350 and/or HEW device 104may be configured to receive signals in accordance with specificcommunication standards, such as the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including IEEE 802.11-2012,802.11n-2009 and/or 802.11ac-2013 standards and/or proposedspecifications for WLANs including proposed HEW standards, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as they may alsobe suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance withother techniques and standards. In some other embodiments, the AP 350,HEW device 104 and/or the STA 300 configured as an HEW device 104 may beconfigured to receive signals that were transmitted using one or moreother modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g.,direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequencyhopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-divisionmultiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing(FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limitedin this respect. Embodiments disclosed herein provide two preambleformats for High Efficiency (HE) Wireless LAN standards specificationthat is under development in the IEEE Task Group 11ax (TGax).

In some embodiments, the STA 300 and/or AP 350 may be a mobile deviceand may be a portable wireless communication device, such as a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wirelesscommunication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, asmartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, adigital camera, an access point, a television, a wearable device such asa medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor,etc.), or other device that may receive and/or transmit informationwirelessly. In some embodiments, the STA 300 and/or AP 350 may beconfigured to operate in accordance with 802.11 standards, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. Mobile devicesor other devices in some embodiments may be configured to operateaccording to other protocols or standards, including other IEEEstandards, Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards orother standards. In some embodiments, the STA 300 and/or AP 350 mayinclude one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memoryport, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor,speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCDscreen including a touch screen.

Although the STA 300 and the AP 350 are each illustrated as havingseveral separate functional elements, one or more of the functionalelements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations ofsoftware-configured elements, such as processing elements includingdigital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. Forexample, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) andcombinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing atleast the functions described herein. In some embodiments, thefunctional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on oneor more processing elements.

Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware,firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented asinstructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may beread and executed by at least one processor to perform the operationsdescribed herein. A computer-readable storage device may include anynon-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by amachine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storagedevice may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM),magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memorydevices, and other storage devices and media. Some embodiments mayinclude one or more processors and may be configured with instructionsstored on a computer-readable storage device.

It should be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus used by theSTA 300 may include various components of the STA 300 as shown in FIG. 3and/or the example machine 200 as shown in FIG. 2. Accordingly,techniques and operations described herein that refer to the STA 300 (or103) may be applicable to an apparatus for an STA, in some embodiments.It should also be noted that in some embodiments, an apparatus used bythe AP 350 may include various components of the AP 350 as shown in FIG.3 and/or the example machine 200 as shown in FIG. 2. Accordingly,techniques and operations described herein that refer to the AP 350 (or102) may be applicable to an apparatus for an AP, in some embodiments.In addition, an apparatus for a mobile device and/or base station mayinclude one or more components shown in FIGS. 2-3, in some embodiments.Accordingly, techniques and operations described herein that refer to amobile device and/or base station may be applicable to an apparatus fora mobile device and/or base station, in some embodiments.

As described herein, some embodiments define states for one or morewake-up radio or receiver (e.g., LP-WUR). For example, two states can bedefined for a LP-WUR, including a first state wherein the device isconfigured to receive wake-up packet, and a second state wherein thedevice is configured to not receive a wake-up packet. In such anexample, the first state can be an Awake state, and the second state canbe a Doze state. In alternative embodiments, the terms used for thesestates can vary, for example, the second state may be a Sleep state. Insome embodiments, a wake-up radio (WUR) mode can include one or more ofthese states.

As described above, the state of the LP-WUR can, in some embodiments, beindependent of the states for an IEEE 802.11 radio. In some embodiments,an IEEE 802.11 device can be defined to have LP-WUR capability, forexample, with four possible two dimensional states as illustrated inTable 1 below.

TABLE 1 (802.11 radio state, Possible cases WUR radio state) 1 (awake,awake) 2 (awake, doze) 3 (doze, awake) 4 (doze, doze)

Referring to Case 1, an 802.11 radio state is set to Awake and a LP-WURstate is set to Awake. In some embodiments, in Case 1, the 802.11 radiois able to receive signals (e.g., the 802.11 radio in the STA canreceive RF signals from an AP) and the LP-WUR is also able to receivesignals (e.g., the LP-WUR 425 in the STA can receive signals from anAP). In some embodiments, an STA is configured to receive a wake-uppacket from an associated AP and send packets to the AP.

In Case 2, an 802.11 radio state is set to Awake and a LP-WUR state isset to Doze. In some embodiments, in Case 2, the 802.11 radio is able toreceive signals (e.g., the 802.11 radio in the STA is able to receivesignals from an AP) and the LP-WUR is disabled from receiving signals(e.g., the LP-WUR 425 in the STA does not receive signals from an AP).In some embodiments, a STA is configured to receive a wake-up packetfrom the AP for the purpose of turning on the 802.11 radio and turningoff the LP-WUR.

In Case 3, an 802.11 radio state is set to Doze and a LP-WUR state isset to Awake. In some embodiments, in Case 3, the 802.11 radio isdisabled from receiving signals (e.g., the 802.11 radio in the STA isnot able to receive signals from an AP) and the LP-WUR is able toreceive signals (e.g., the LP-WUR 425 in the STA can receive signalsfrom an AP). In some embodiments, a STA is configured to turn off the802.11 radio and utilize the LP-WUR to save power.

In Case 4, an 802.11 radio state is set to Doze and a LP-WUR radio stateis set to Doze. In some embodiments, in Case 4, the 802.11 radio isdisabled from receiving signals (e.g., the 802.11 radio in the STA isnot able to receive signals from an AP) and the LP-WUR is disabled fromreceiving signals (e.g., the LP-WUR 425 in the STA does not receivesignals from an AP). In some embodiments, a STA is configured to savepower (e.g., extreme power save) while still being capable of waking theLP-WUR radio periodically.

In some embodiments, a wireless device (e.g., a wireless device having aLP-WUR and a WLAN radio) may transmit a request signal to an AP in orderto enable a power save protocol between the AP and the wireless device.In some embodiments, the request signal may include one or moreparameters defining the power save protocol and the wireless device mayreceive a response signal, including one or more of the parameters, fromthe AP acknowledging the request signal. The one or more parameters ofthe request signal may include WUR parameters with respect to a wake-upradio (WUR) mode for a STA (e.g., a LP-WUR of a STA), for example, anindication of a duration of time that the STA (e.g., LP-WUR of a STA) isin a WUR mode.

In some embodiments, with respect to a WUR mode, a LP-WUR of a wirelessdevice is configured to receive wake-up packets from the AP and a WLANradio of the wireless device is configured to refrain from receiving RFsignals.

In some embodiments, during the WUR mode, a LP-WUR of a wireless devicemay be configured to be in an Awake state, wherein during the Awakestate the LP-WUR is configured to receive wake-up packets, and a WLANradio of the wireless device is turned off. In some embodiments, inresponse to the LP-WUR of the wireless device receiving a wake-up packetwhile in WUR mode (e.g., receiving a wake-up packet from an AP), theWLAN radio can change from a Doze state to an Awake state. In the Dozestate, for example, the WLAN radio may be configured to refrain fromreceiving RF signals from peer devices. In the Awake state, for example,the WLAN radio can receive RF signals from peer devices.

Further, in response to the LP-WUR of the wireless device receiving awake-up packet while in WUR mode, in some embodiments, the LP-WUR radiocan change from an Awake state to a Doze state. In the Awake state, forexample, the LP-WUR can receive wake-up packets and during the Dozestate the LP-WUR can refrain from receiving wake-up packets. In someembodiments, after the WLAN radio of the wireless device changes to anAwake state, the WLAN can receive data packets from an AP. In someembodiments, the wireless device may be configured to periodically enterthe WUR mode. In such embodiments, one or more parameters of a requestsignal (e.g., a request signal sent to an AP from the wireless device)can include a service identifier (ID), protocol support information, andan indication of a specific schedule that the wireless device is in theWUR mode.

In some embodiments, the WLAN radio may be configured to remain in aDoze state, during a duration of time that the wireless device is in theWUR mode, until the LP-WUR of the wireless device receives a wake-uppacket.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example system 400 in which a LP-WUR (e.g., LP-WUR425) is operated. As shown, the system 400 includes a transmitter 405and a receiver 410. The transmitter 405 may be a WLAN station (e.g.,Wi-Fi router) and the receiver 410 may be a computing device capable ofconnecting to the WLAN station, such as a mobile phone, a tabletcomputer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, and the like. Thetransmitter 405 includes an WLAN (802.11+) radio 415. The receiver 410includes a WLAN (802.11) radio 420 (e.g., Wi-Fi radio) and a LP-WUR 425.The WLAN radio 415 of the transmitter 405 transmits one or more wake-uppackets 430. One of the wake-up packets 430 is received at the LP-WUR425 of the receiver 420. Upon receiving the wake-up packet 430, theLP-WUR 425 sends a wake-up signal 440, which causes the WLAN radio 420of the receiver 410 to turn on. The WLAN radio 415 of the transmitter405 transmits data packet(s) 435 to the WLAN radio 420 of the receiver410, and the WLAN radio 420 of the receiver 410 receives the datapacket(s) 435.

Some embodiments, described herein with respect to FIGS. 5 through 8,relate to defining a negotiation process whereby a device (e.g.,wireless device 410 or a STA) having a WLAN radio (e.g., 802.11 radio420) and a wake-up radio (e.g., LP-WUR 425) enters a wake-up radio (WUR)mode. Some embodiments, described herein with respect to FIGS. 5 through8, relate to duty cycles for a LP-WUR (e.g., LP-WUR 425), includingAwake and Doze/Sleep patterns. Some embodiments, described herein withrespect to FIGS. 5 through 8, relate to explicit signaling (e.g., PMbit) used by a STA to indicate that LP-WUR 425 is on. When AP receivesthe explicit signaling, AP can start to send wake up packets to the STAand stop sending data to the STA. In some embodiments, features designedfor Wireless Network Management (WNM) that allow for extensive time forsleep can also be utilized for a LP-WUR. In such embodiments, thesignaling for the LP-WUR can be similar to WNM signaling.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example request and/or response signal frame(e.g., WNM Action frame) format 500, in accordance with someembodiments. In some embodiments, a STA can encode a request signal in aWNM Action frame format 500 for transmission to an AP. In someembodiments, a WNM Action frame format 500 may be implemented with astandard power-save protocol. For example, a STA may utilize a WNMAction frame format 500 to communicate WUR mode actions related to aLP-WUR and WLAN radio of the wireless device with an AP, and the WNMAction frame format 500 may define parameters associated with apower-save protocol for a LP-WUR. Some examples of parameters carried ina WNM Action frame format 500 can include Category 502, WNM Action 504,Dialog Token 506, and other WUR parameters 508.

In some embodiments, a WNM Action frame format 500 is used for thepurpose of request and/or response signaling with respect to a wirelessdevice (e.g., STA) having a wake-up radio (e.g., LP-WUR 425). In someembodiments, the WNM Action frame format 500 may include one or moreparameters of a request or response signal, for example, indications oftime durations that the wireless device is in a wake-up radio (WUR)mode. A wireless device or STA (e.g., a wireless device having a LP-WURand a WLAN radio) may transmit a request signal to an AP in order toenable a power save protocol between the AP and the wireless device. Insome embodiments, a request or response signal, such as WNM Action frameformat 500, may include one or more parameters (e.g., parameters502-508) defining the power save protocol and the wireless device (e.g.,STA) may receive a response signal, including one or more of theparameters, from the AP acknowledging the request signal. In someembodiments, in response to a request signal from a STA, an AP mayencode a response signal utilizing a WNM Action frame format, fortransmission to a STA, to acknowledge the request signal. Further, insome embodiments, the STA may transmit to the AP a WUR signal indicatingthat the wireless device is entering a WUR mode. The WUR signal may beincluded within the WNM Action frame format 500 or within arequest/response signal format 600, with respect to FIG. 6.

In some embodiments, the STA can use the WNM Action frame format 500 tonegotiate with an AP an interval of sleep or wake-up duration of aLP-WUR or WLAN radio of a STA, and these parameters can be defined inWUR Parameters 508. In some embodiments, the STA (e.g., wireless devicehaving a LP-WUR and WLAN) can communicate to an AP an interval of timethat the wireless device will be in a WUR mode, including one or more ofthe parameters defined in in an action frame, including a WNM Actionframe (e.g., WNM Action frame 500), among other action frames.

In some embodiments of a WUR mode, a LP-WUR of a wireless device or STA(e.g., LP-WUR 425) may be configured to receive wake-up packets from anAP and a WLAN radio of the wireless device may be configured to refrainfrom receiving RF signals (e.g., refrain from receiving data packetsfrom an AP). In some embodiments, during the WUR mode, the LP-WUR of thewireless device is configured to be in an Awake state, wherein duringthe Awake state the LP-WUR is configured to receive wake-up packets, andthe WLAN radio of the wireless device is turned off In some embodiments,in utilizing the WNM Action frame format 500, certain existing featuresdefined by WNM sleep, such as a skipping delivery traffic indication map(DTIM) beacon, no group a temporal key (GTK)/integrity GTK (IGTK)security update, and traffic filtering can be utilized with respect to aLP-WUR.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example request and/or response signal format(e.g., WUR Action frame format 600), in accordance with someembodiments. In some embodiments, a request signal can be an actionframe in an event request action field format. In some embodiments, aSTA can encode a request signal in a WUR Action frame format 600 fortransmission to an AP. In some embodiments, a WUR Action frame format600 may be implemented with a standard power-save protocol. For example,a STA may utilize a WUR Action frame format 600 to communicate WUR modeactions related to a LP-WUR and WLAN radio of the wireless device withan AP, and the WUR Action frame format 600 may define parametersassociated with a power-save protocol for a LP-WUR. Some examples ofparameters carried in a WUR Action frame format 600 can include Category602, WUR Action 604, Dialog Token 606, and other WUR parameters 608.

In some embodiments, the WUR Action frame format 600 is used for thepurpose of request and/or response signaling with respect to a wirelessdevice or STA having a wake-up radio (e.g., LP-WUR 425). In someembodiments, the WUR Action frame format 600 may include one or moreparameters of a request or response signal, for example, indications ofa time durations that the wireless device is a wake-up radio (WUR) mode.

As described above, a wireless device or STA (e.g., a wireless devicehaving a LP-WUR and a WLAN radio) may transmit a request signal to an APin order to enable a power save protocol between the AP and the wirelessdevice. In some embodiments, a request or response signal, such as theWUR Action frame format 600, may include one or more parameters (e.g.,parameters 602-608) defining the power save protocol and the wirelessdevice (e.g., STA) may receive a response signal, including one or moreof the parameters, from the AP acknowledging the request signal. In someembodiments, in response to a request signal from a STA, an AP mayencode a response signal utilizing a WUR Action frame format 600, fortransmission to a STA, to acknowledge the request signal. Further, insome embodiments, the STA may transmit to the AP a WUR signal indicatingthat the wireless device is entering a WUR mode. The WUR signal may beincluded within the WUR Action frame format 600.

In some embodiments, elements that are defined with respect to a WURmode, for example WUR Doze interval or WUR Awake interval, or elementswith respect to an existing power save protocol, can be applied withinthe WUR action frame for the purpose of causing a STA (e.g., a LP-WUR orWLAN radio of a STA) to change state (e.g., Doze, Awake). In someembodiments, the STA can use the WUR Action frame format 600 tonegotiate with an AP an interval of sleep or wake-up duration of aLP-WUR or WLAN radio of a STA, and these parameters can be defined inWUR Parameters 508. In some embodiments, the STA (e.g., wireless devicehaving a LP-WUR and WLAN) can communicate to an AP an interval of timethat the wireless device will be in a WUR mode, including one or more ofthe parameters defined in in an action frame, including a WUR Actionframe (e.g., WUR Action frame 600), among other action frames.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example request and/or response signal format 700(e.g., WUR Action frame format 700) in accordance with some embodiments,where the WUR Action frame format is directly defined, not being basedon an existing power-save protocol. In some embodiments, the WUR Actionframe format 700 includes various parameters with respect to a LP-WUR,including Category 702, WUR Action 704, Dialog Token 706 and WUR ModeElement 708. In some embodiments, the WUR Mode Element is a definedelement that can include various parameters with respect to a power-saveprotocol for a LP-WUR (e.g., WUR Mode parameters shown in FIG. 8).Similar to FIGS. 5 and 6, the WUR Action frame format 700 can definedifferent actions for a STA that includes a LP-WUR and a WLAN.

In some embodiments, a WUR Action frame format 700 is used for thepurpose of request and/or response signaling with respect to a wirelessdevice (e.g., STA) having a wake-up radio (e.g., LP-WUR 425). In someembodiments, the WUR Action frame format 700 may include one or moreparameters of a request or response signal, for example, indications oftime durations that the wireless device is in a wake-up radio (WUR)mode. As described above, a wireless device or STA (e.g., a wirelessdevice having a LP-WUR and a WLAN radio) may transmit a request signalto an AP in order to enable a power save protocol between the AP and thewireless device. In some embodiments, a request or response signal, suchas WUR Action frame format 700, may include one or more parameters(e.g., parameters 702-708) defining the power save protocol and thewireless device (e.g., STA) may receive a response signal, including oneor more of the parameters, from the AP acknowledging the request signal.In some embodiments, in response to a request signal from a STA, an APmay encode a response signal utilizing a WUR Action frame format, fortransmission to a STA, to acknowledge the request signal. Further, insome embodiments, the STA may transmit to the AP a WUR signal indicatingthat the wireless device is entering a WUR mode. The WUR signal may beincluded within the WUR Action frame format 700 as a parameter or withina WUR Mode Element 708, with respect to the WUR parameters shown in FIG.8.

In some embodiments, similar to FIG. 6, the STA can use a WUR Actionframe format (e.g., WUR Action frame format 700) to negotiate with an APan interval of sleep or wake-up duration of a LP-WUR or WLAN radio of aSTA, and these parameters can be defined in WUR Mode Element 708. Insome embodiments, the STA can communicate to an AP an interval of timethat the wireless device will be in a WUR mode, including one or more ofthe parameters defined in in an action frame, including the WUR Actionframe 700 or the WUR Mode Element 708.

FIG. 8 illustrates example power-save protocol parameters (e.g., WURparameters) that are associated with the WUR Mode Element 708, inaccordance with some embodiments. Similar to FIGS. 6 and 7, a wirelessdevice (e.g., STA) may utilize parameters defined for a WUR Mode (e.g.,WUR parameters 802-812) to communicate WUR mode actions related to aLP-WUR and WLAN radio of the wireless device with an AP, and the WURparameters 800 may be carried in the WUR Mode Element 708. The WURparameters, in some embodiments, can include an Element ID 802, a Length804, an Action Type 806, a WUR Doze Interval 808, a WUR Awake Interval810, and other WUR parameters 812. In some embodiments, a STA canutilize the WUR parameters 800, for example parameters 802-812, for aWUR mode request and/or response. In some embodiments, the STA can usethe WUR parameters 800 to negotiate with an AP an interval of sleep(e.g., WUR Doze Interval 808) or wake-up duration (e.g., WUR AwakeInterval 810) of a LP-WUR or WLAN radio of a STA. In some embodiments,the STA (e.g., wireless device having a LP-WUR and WLAN) can communicateto an AP an interval of time that the wireless device will be in a WURmode by carrying the WUR Mode element 704, including one or more of theparameters defined in the WUR Mode frame format 800, in an action frame,including a WNM Action frame format (e.g., WNM Action frame format 500)or a WUR Action frame format (e.g., WUR Action frame format 600 or 700),among other action frames.

In some embodiments, therefore, existing signaling protocols (e.g.,power save protocols) between the STA and AP may be utilized to indicatethat the STA has entered a Doze state and that an AP cannot send datapackets to the STA, such as Wireless Network Management (WNM),Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery (U-APSD), or Power Save Poll(PS-POLL) or Power Save Mode (PSM). A WUR action frame can be definedfor a radio sleep request for the STA to inform AP that STA has entereda sleep state (e.g., WLAN radio or LP-WUR is off), and that an AP shouldnot send data to the STA.

In some embodiments, the STA can utilize an action frame (e.g., WNMAction 504, WUR Action 604 or 704, Action Type 806) or a WUR Actionframe format 700, with WUR Mode Element 708, to inform the AP that theSTA (e.g. IEEE 802.11 radio, LP-WUR) has entered a sleep state (e.g.,Doze state). With respect to the AP, in some embodiments, one of an IEEE802.11 radio is always on, as defined in certain existing currentspecifications. In some embodiments, a wake-up radio (e.g., LP-WUR) isalways on if there is at least one associated STA that negotiates awake-up mode (e.g., WUR mode) with the AP.

EXAMPLES

Although an aspect has been described with reference to specific exampleaspects, it will be evident that various modifications and changes maybe made to these aspects without departing from the broader spirit andscope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specification anddrawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictivesense. The accompanying drawings that form a part hereof show, by way ofillustration, and not of limitation, specific aspects in which thesubject matter may be practiced. The aspects illustrated are describedin sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice theteachings disclosed herein. Other aspects may be utilized and derivedtherefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changesmay be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. ThisDetailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense,and the scope of various aspects is defined only by the appended claims,along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims areentitled.

Such aspects of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein,individually and/or collectively, by the term “aspect” merely forconvenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of thisapplication to any single aspect or inventive concept if more than oneis in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific aspects have beenillustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substitutedfor the specific aspects shown. This disclosure is intended to cover anyand all adaptations or variations of various aspects. Combinations ofthe above aspects, and other aspects not specifically described herein,will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the abovedescription.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patentdocuments, to include one or more than one, independent of any otherinstances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In thisdocument, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that“A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unlessotherwise indicated. In this document, the terms “including” and “inwhich” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms“comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms“including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, UE,article, composition, formulation, or process that includes elements inaddition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemedto fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the followingclaims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merelyas labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements ontheir objects.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R.§1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quicklyascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted withthe understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit thescope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing DetailedDescription, it can be seen that various features are grouped togetherin a single aspect for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. Thismethod of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intentionthat the claimed aspects require more features than are expresslyrecited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect,inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a singledisclosed aspect. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated intothe Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as aseparate aspect.

The following describes various examples of methods, machine-readablemedia, and systems (e.g., machines, devices, or other apparatus)discussed herein.

A first example provides an apparatus of a station (STA), the apparatuscomprising processing circuitry, and memory, configured to encode, fortransmission to an access point (AP), a request frame to enable a powersave protocol between the AP and the STA, the request frame includingone or more wake-up radio (WUR) parameters defining the power saveprotocol, including an indication for the AP to refrain fromtransmitting data packets to the STA and to transmit wake-up packets tothe STA when the STA is in a WUR mode, decode a response frame from theAP, the response frame including an acknowledgment of the request frame,and initiate the power save protocol, including encode for transmissionto the AP, a WUR frame that includes one or more WUR parameters toindicate to the AP that the STA is entering the WUR mode, and enable aWUR mode, wherein during the WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio(LP-WUR) of the STA is configured to receive wake-up packets from theAP.

A second example provides an apparatus according to the first example,wherein during the WUR mode, a WLAN radio of the STA is in a Doze state,wherein during the Doze state, the WLAN radio is configured to refrainfrom receiving RF signals from the AP; and wherein after the STAreceives a wake-up packet from the AP, the LP-WUR is configured to senda wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, causing the WLAN radio to changefrom the Doze state to an Awake state, wherein during the Awake state,the WLAN radio is configured to receive data packets from the AP.

A third example provides an apparatus according to the second example,wherein the LP-WUR is further configured to change from an Awake stateto a Doze state after sending a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio,wherein during the Doze state the LP-WUR is configured to refrain fromreceiving wake-up packets from the AP and during the Awake state theLP-WUR is configured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.

A fourth example provides an apparatus according to the third example,wherein the one or more WUR parameters of the request signal includes anindication of a duration of time that the STA is in the WUR mode.

A fifth example provides an apparatus according to the third example,wherein the request frame is a wireless network management (WNM) Actionframe and the apparatus is further configured to encode, at the STA fortransmission to the AP, any of the one or more WUR parameters into theWNM Action frame.

A sixth example provides an apparatus according to the third example,wherein the request frame is a WUR Action frame and the apparatus isfurther configured to encode, at the STA for transmission to the AP, anyof the one or more WUR parameters into the WUR Action frame.

A seventh example provides an apparatus according to the sixth example,wherein the one or more WUR parameters are included in a WUR element ofthe WUR Action frame.

An eighth example provides an apparatus according to the third example,wherein the STA is configured to periodically enter the WUR mode and theone or more WUR parameters of the request signal includes an indicationof a specific schedule that the STA is in the WUR mode.

A ninth example provides an apparatus according to the eighth example,wherein the WLAN radio is configured to remain in the Doze state, duringa duration of time that the STA is in the WUR mode, until the LP-WUR ofthe STA receives a wake-up packet.

A tenth example provides an apparatus according to the sixth example,wherein the response frame from the AP is a WUR Action frame and furtherincludes one or more WUR parameters.

An eleventh example provides an apparatus according to the sixthexample, wherein the one or more WUR parameters are included in a WURelement of the WUR Action frame.

A twelfth example provides a computer-readable hardware storage devicethat stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of astation (STA), the instructions to configure the one or more processorsto encode for transmission to an access point (AP), a request frame toenable a power save protocol between the AP and the STA, the requestframe including one or more wake-up radio (WUR) parameters defining thepower save protocol, including an indication for the AP to refrain fromtransmitting data packets to the STA and to transmit wake-up packets tothe STA when the STA is in a WUR mode, decode a response frame from theAP, the response frame including an acknowledgment of the request frame;and initiate the power save protocol, including encode for transmissionto the AP, a WUR frame that includes one or more WUR parameters toindicate to the AP that the STA is entering the WUR mode, and enable aWUR mode, wherein during the WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio(LP-WUR) of the STA is configured to receive wake-up packets from theAP.

A thirteenth example provides a computer-readable hardware storagedevice according to the twelfth example, wherein during the WUR mode, aWLAN radio of the STA is in a Doze state, wherein during the Doze state,the WLAN radio is configured to refrain from receiving RF signals fromthe AP; and wherein after the STA receives a wake-up packet from the AP,the LP-WUR is configured to send a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio,causing the WLAN radio to change from the Doze state to an Awake state,wherein during the Awake state, the WLAN radio is configured to receivedata packets from the AP.

A fourteenth example provides a computer-readable hardware storagedevice according to the thirteenth example, wherein the LP-WUR isfurther configured to change from an Awake state to a Doze state aftersending a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, wherein during the Dozestate the LP-WUR is configured to refrain from receiving wake-up packetsfrom the AP and during the Awake state the LP-WUR is configured toreceive wake-up packets from the AP.

A fifteenth example provides a computer-readable hardware storage deviceof claim 14, wherein the request frame is a WUR Action frame and the oneor more processors are further configured to encode, at the STA fortransmission to the AP, any of the one or more WUR parameters into theWUR Action frame.

A sixteenth example provides a computer-readable hardware storage deviceaccording to the fifteenth example, wherein the one or more WURparameters are included in a WUR element of the WUR Action frame.

A seventeenth example provides a method implemented at a station (STA),the method comprising encoding for transmission to an access point (AP),a request frame to enable a power save protocol between the AP and theSTA, the request frame including one or more wake-up radio (WUR)parameters defining the power save protocol, including an indication forthe AP to refrain from transmitting data packets to the STA and totransmit wake-up packets to the STA when the STA is in a WUR mode,decoding a response frame from the AP, the response frame including anacknowledgment of the request frame, and initiating the power saveprotocol, including encoding for transmission to the AP, a WUR framethat includes one or more WUR parameters to indicate to the AP that theSTA is entering the WUR mode, and enabling a WUR mode, wherein duringthe WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) of the STA isconfigured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.

An eighteenth example provides a method according to the seventeenthexample, wherein during the WUR mode, a WLAN radio of the STA is in aDoze state, wherein during the Doze state, the WLAN radio is configuredto refrain from receiving RF signals from the AP; and wherein after theSTA receives a wake-up packet from the AP, the LP-WUR is configured tosend a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, causing the WLAN radio tochange from the Doze state to an Awake state, wherein during the Awakestate, the WLAN radio is configured to receive data packets from the AP.

A nineteenth example provides a method according to the eighteenthexample, wherein the LP-WUR is further configured to change from anAwake state to a Doze state after sending a wake-up signal to the WLANradio, wherein during the Doze state the LP-WUR is configured to refrainfrom receiving wake-up packets from the AP and during the Awake statethe LP-WUR is configured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.

A twentieth example provides a method according to the nineteenthexample, wherein the request frame is a WUR Action frame and the methodfurther comprising encoding for transmission to the AP, any of the oneor more WUR parameters into the WUR Action frame.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus of a station (STA), the apparatuscomprising: processing circuitry, and memory, configured to: encode, fortransmission to an access point (AP), a request frame to enable a powersave protocol between the AP and the STA, the request frame includingone or more wake-up radio (WUR) parameters defining the power saveprotocol, including an indication for the AP to refrain fromtransmitting data packets to the STA and to transmit wake-up packets tothe STA when the STA is in a WUR mode; decode a response frame from theAP, the response frame including an acknowledgment of the request frame;and initiate the power save protocol, including: encode for transmissionto the AP, a WUR frame that includes one or more WUR parameters toindicate to the AP that the STA is entering the WUR mode, and enable aWUR mode, wherein during the WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio(LP-WUR) of the STA is configured to receive wake-up packets from theAP.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein during the WUR mode, a WLANradio of the STA is in a Doze state, wherein during the Doze state, theWLAN radio is configured to refrain from receiving RF signals from theAP; and wherein after the STA receives a wake-up packet from the AP, theLP-WUR is configured to send a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, causingthe WLAN radio to change from the Doze state to an Awake state, whereinduring the Awake state, the WLAN radio is configured to receive datapackets from the AP.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the LP-WUR isfurther configured to change from an Awake state to a Doze state aftersending a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, wherein during the Dozestate the LP-WUR is configured to refrain from receiving wake-up packetsfrom the AP and during the Awake state the LP-WUR is configured toreceive wake-up packets from the AP.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3,wherein the one or more WUR parameters of the request signal includes anindication of a duration of time that the STA is in the WUR mode.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 3, wherein the request frame is a wireless networkmanagement (WNM) Action frame and the apparatus is further configured toencode, at the STA for transmission to the AP, any of the one or moreWUR parameters into the WNM Action frame.
 6. The apparatus of claim 3,wherein the request frame is a WUR Action frame and the apparatus isfurther configured to encode, at the STA for transmission to the AP, anyof the one or more WUR parameters into the WUR Action frame.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more WUR parameters areincluded in a WUR element of the WUR Action frame.
 8. The apparatus ofclaim 3, wherein the STA is configured to periodically enter the WURmode and the one or more WUR parameters of the request signal includesan indication of a specific schedule that the STA is in the WUR mode. 9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the WLAN radio is configured to remainin the Doze state, during a duration of time that the STA is in the WURmode, until the LP-WUR of the STA receives a wake-up packet.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 6, wherein the response frame from the AP is a WURAction frame and further includes one or more WUR parameters.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more WUR parameters areincluded in a WUR element of the WUR Action frame.
 12. Acomputer-readable hardware storage device that stores instructions forexecution by one or more processors of a station (STA), the instructionsto configure the one or more processors to: encode for transmission toan access point (AP), a request frame to enable a power save protocolbetween the AP and the STA, the request frame including one or morewake-up radio (WUR) parameters defining the power save protocol,including an indication for the AP to refrain from transmitting datapackets to the STA and to transmit wake-up packets to the STA when theSTA is in a WUR mode; decode a response frame from the AP, the responseframe including an acknowledgment of the request frame; and initiate thepower save protocol, including: encode for transmission to the AP, a WURframe that includes one or more WUR parameters to indicate to the APthat the STA is entering the WUR mode, and enable a WUR mode, whereinduring the WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) of the STA isconfigured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.
 13. Thecomputer-readable hardware storage device of claim 12, wherein duringthe WUR mode, a WLAN radio of the STA is in a Doze state, wherein duringthe Doze state, the WLAN radio is configured to refrain from receivingRF signals from the AP; and wherein after the STA receives a wake-uppacket from the AP, the LP-WUR is configured to send a wake-up signal tothe WLAN radio, causing the WLAN radio to change from the Doze state toan Awake state, wherein during the Awake state, the WLAN radio isconfigured to receive data packets from the AP.
 14. Thecomputer-readable hardware storage device of claim 13, wherein theLP-WUR is further configured to change from an Awake state to a Dozestate after sending a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, wherein duringthe Doze state the LP-WUR is configured to refrain from receivingwake-up packets from the AP and during the Awake state the LP-WUR isconfigured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.
 15. Thecomputer-readable hardware storage device of claim 14, wherein therequest frame is a WUR Action frame and the one or more processors arefurther configured to encode, at the STA for transmission to the AP, anyof the one or more WUR parameters into the WUR Action frame.
 16. Thecomputer-readable hardware storage device of claim 15, wherein the oneor more WUR parameters are included in a WUR element of the WUR Actionframe.
 17. A method implemented at a station (STA), the methodcomprising: encoding for transmission to an access point (AP), a requestframe to enable a power save protocol between the AP and the STA, therequest frame including one or more wake-up radio (WUR) parametersdefining the power save protocol, including an indication for the AP torefrain from transmitting data packets to the STA and to transmitwake-up packets to the STA when the STA is in a WUR mode; decoding aresponse frame from the AP, the response frame including anacknowledgment of the request frame; and initiating the power saveprotocol, including: encoding for transmission to the AP, a WUR framethat includes one or more WUR parameters to indicate to the AP that theSTA is entering the WUR mode, and enabling a WUR mode, wherein duringthe WUR mode, a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) of the STA isconfigured to receive wake-up packets from the AP.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, wherein during the WUR mode, a WLAN radio of the STA is in aDoze state, wherein during the Doze state, the WLAN radio is configuredto refrain from receiving RF signals from the AP; and wherein after theSTA receives a wake-up packet from the AP, the LP-WUR is configured tosend a wake-up signal to the WLAN radio, causing the WLAN radio tochange from the Doze state to an Awake state, wherein during the Awakestate, the WLAN radio is configured to receive data packets from the AP.19. The method of claim 18, wherein the LP-WUR is further configured tochange from an Awake state to a Doze state after sending a wake-upsignal to the WLAN radio, wherein during the Doze state the LP-WUR isconfigured to refrain from receiving wake-up packets from the AP andduring the Awake state the LP-WUR is configured to receive wake-uppackets from the AP.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the requestframe is a WUR Action frame and the method further comprising encodingfor transmission to the AP, any of the one or more WUR parameters intothe WUR Action frame.